Commercial trade

　　Under the background of economic globalization, international trade has become the new favorite of economic colleges and universities, which have been opened in many types of colleges and universities, and have delivered a large number of excellent talents with professional economic knowledge and practical skills to the society.

In secondary vocational institutions, the teaching goal of the school is to deliver technical talents with professional knowledge and relevant skills to the society, which has a broader student population compared with high school education, but the teaching difficulty will be greater because the threshold is lower. Marketing is the main course of international trade, and in order to improve the employment rate of students in this major, secondary colleges and universities should strengthen the curriculum teaching reform, establish a market-oriented teaching system, effectively enhance students’ basic knowledge level and knowledge practice ability, and improve students’ professional quality from all aspects.

　　1. Current situation of teaching international trade marketing class in secondary vocational colleges

　　All along, the teaching objectives of secondary vocational schools have not been changed, so the innovation of their teaching mode will be restricted accordingly, resulting in their teaching quality can no longer meet the requirements of modern vocational education, especially for the course of international trade marketing which is linked to the market. Although it is said that the theoretical knowledge framework of marketing has not changed, the market situation is changing, people’s consumption ideas are changing, so the content that students need to learn is also changing, but generally speaking, the teaching materials in schools are updated slowly, so it is not desirable if they are simply taught according to the textbook.

　　At this stage, there are still more problems in teaching international trade marketing in secondary vocational schools, which are as follows.

① Students are not motivated to learn.

The teaching content of economics majors is relatively dry and abstract, and in the fill-in-the-blank teaching mode, teachers rely solely on textbooks to teach theoretical knowledge will be difficult for students to understand, and they can only memorize, which inevitably lose enthusiasm for learning.

② teaching objectives are not clear, the practice system is not perfect.

The study of marketing is closely related to people’s practical life and is a subject with strong practicality, but schools do not seize the focus of this course, ignoring the cultivation of students’ practical ability, resulting in imperfect practical teaching facilities, lack of cooperation with relevant enterprises, and students do not have the opportunity to experience the professional environment through internships.

③The course evaluation system is unreasonable.

As a secondary vocational school, it is unreasonable to adopt the same way of paper assessment to evaluate students’ ability, which is contrary to the educational goal of the school.

　　2. Teaching reform strategy of international trade marketing class in secondary vocational colleges

　　2.1 Reform of teaching content

　　The clear goal of teaching in secondary vocational schools is to enable students to apply what they learn and focus on the dual training of students’ theoretical knowledge and professional skills. Therefore, schools should take this goal as the basis, take the teaching materials as the basis, reasonably plan the teaching program, and at the same time pay attention to the innovation and timeliness of the teaching content, so that students can first master the basic theoretical knowledge of marketing, then according to, then according to the current stage of marketing mode, some marketing strategies, marketing concepts, marketing methods that are widely used in the current market are incorporated into the teaching content, so that students can master these knowledge points In addition, they can continuously improve their professional quality.

　　The knowledge in the textbook is only some core theories about marketing, such as “market research and analysis”, “marketing planning”, “customer relationship management”, etc. These theoretical knowledge looks like the content of the textbook. Too much emphasis on theoretical knowledge is not conducive to improving students’ knowledge, but will make them feel too overwhelmed and lose their enthusiasm for learning.

After classroom teaching, you can set some practical teaching tasks, for example, take the sales of air conditioners as an example, let students investigate the market sales through various means and build a sales trend chart. To accomplish such a task, students need to have a comprehensive grasp of the basic theoretical knowledge and practical solutions of market research and analysis, while allowing them to apply the theoretical knowledge in a coherent manner. After students have learned and have a solid theoretical? After learning and having a solid foundation of knowledge, students should go beyond the textbook to experience the professional environment they will be in, understand the transformation from theoretical knowledge to real-life application, and enhance their understanding and ability to apply their knowledge.

　　2.2 Reform of teaching methods

　　Marketing is a course with strong practicality, in the new teaching system, we should strengthen the cultivation of practical ability for students. In teaching, various teaching methods are applied, such as case teaching method, in which the teacher selects typical and timely marketing cases, and through several processes such as resource sharing, student grouping, case analysis and discussion, and review of results, students can learn the excellent marketing concepts and strategies in real situations, give full play to their subjective initiative, and enhance their understanding and application of marketing knowledge at the same time.

Or simulation teaching method, through multimedia technology to create a marketing and sales situation, after grouping, a product as an example, through market research, analysis of the national marketing environment and consumer buying behavior, selection of target markets, the development of marketing strategies, to the deployment and implementation of the strategy, by the students personally experience this process, find their own knowledge blind spots, and constantly supplement and improve themselves. In addition, and can apply inquiry-based teaching method, sandbox simulation and other new teaching methods to promote the improvement of students’ knowledge.

　　2.3 Reform of course assessment methods

　　This assessment system ignores the learning process and practical ability of students, which is extremely unreasonable and will mislead students to develop wrong learning concepts and focus their learning on the study of textbooks or even rote memorization.

In order to reform the course teaching, we cannot ignore the change of the course assessment method. In order to correctly assess students’ comprehensive ability, we should adopt the evaluation method of “classroom work + final examination”, and include some practical classroom work results into the scope of the regular grade assessment, such as the classroom performance of simulation teaching method, or market research. The final assessment should be in the form of paper-based assessment, but the questions should be flexible, innovative, increase the proportion of discussion questions, and add practical questions such as marketing plan development to assess the overall quality of marketing of students, as 60% of the total grade, and the remaining 40% is the usual grade [3].

　　3.Conclusion

　　It can be said that international trade is a product of economic globalization, while marketing is a product of the rise of the tertiary industry, marketing course is the main course of international trade, the essence of which is to teach students how to carry out business packaging and promote it to sell, so as to create economic value for the enterprise, for partners and even for society.

The teaching of this course is closely related to the market situation, and its purpose is not only to let students learn some basic theoretical knowledge of marketing, but also to master the market situation, to cultivate their keen market insight, to master market research, merchandising strategies, and to clarify the supply and demand relationship in the market. The purpose of education in modern secondary vocational schools is to produce talents who can adapt to the market demand and ensure the employment rate.

Therefore, it is necessary to break through the traditional teaching model, so that students are no longer confined to the classroom, but enter the relevant professional field to experience and learn on site, adapt to their own workplace environment, master practical machine skills, and improve the overall quality of their profession.

　　The impact of international trade protectionism on small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province

　　In the post-financial crisis era, the world economic pattern is obviously different. The international financial crisis has plunged the economy of developed countries into a downturn, and developed countries have taken this opportunity to adopt trade protection policies, and the momentum of trade protectionism has risen globally. The field of trade protection has been widened, from goods to services and trade-related investment and intellectual property rights. Trade protection means are even more diverse, from the original tariff measures to non-tariff measures and then developed to environmental protection and social responsibility measures.

According to the latest data from the Ministry of Commerce, in 2016, China encountered a total of 119 trade remedy investigations initiated by 27 countries and regions, involving an amount of $143.4 billion. The number of cases and the amount involved rose by 368% and 76% respectively year-on-year. Tariffs or non-tariff barriers to their own weak small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises based on the international market more difficult.

　　(A) the global economy is still in the deep adjustment period after the international financial crisis, economic recovery is weak, the international market demand is weak. Due to the economic development of the United States, Japan, Europe and other major trading partners, demand has declined, orders have decreased, foreign trade enterprises have problems with their capital chains and face difficulties in recovering overseas payments.
　　(2) Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province are frequently subject to trade barriers. Guangdong is the province that encounters the most trade friction. Guangdong Province’s exports account for more than 1/3 of China’s total exports, but the trade frictions suffered by more than 2/3 of the country. According to statistics, Guangdong Province, at least 80% of the current export enterprises have encountered technical barriers to trade. The main industries involved are textiles, clothing, footwear, ceramics, furniture and other industries where small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are concentrated.

　　(3) The international financial crisis has brought to the fore various inherent problems of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong itself. The main manifestation is the weak anti-risk ability, low management level, lack of core competitiveness, etc.. In addition, the domestic economy is in the transformation stage, the export tax rebate subsidy policy is tightened, the labor cost, raw material cost and logistics cost of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are high, and there are financing difficulties, which bring great pressure to small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong, and the operating cost of foreign trade enterprises is rising.

　The necessity of strategic transformation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province

　　(A) Low service capacity of enterprises, the development of traditional business model is limited

　　The traditional business model of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises is to simply rely on foreign trade operation rights, buy low and sell high to earn the difference or be satisfied with collecting commissions from import and export agents. With the liberalization of foreign trade operation rights, domestic enterprises that originally produced but did not have foreign trade operation rights gradually turned to self-managed import and export, the competitiveness of manufacturers and retailers gradually increased, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are threatened by the profit squeeze from the upstream purchasing and downstream sales links within the value chain [4], and the development space of intermediaries is limited.

　　(2) The export commodities are mainly labor-intensive goods, and the export market? The disagreement? in concentration

　　Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province export commodities are mainly plastics, textiles, rubber and its products, leather, fur and its products, chemical products and other low value-added labor-intensive commodities, and textile commodities are the largest export commodities. Their export markets are mainly concentrated in Hong Kong, China and Southeast Asian countries, followed by the European Union and the United States, and the proportion of these major export markets accounts for more than 70% of the total exports [5].

　　(iii) Insufficient core competitiveness of enterprises and lack of strategic vision planning

　　Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are small in scale, lacking brand, differentiation and innovation advantages, insufficient core competitiveness and weak risk resistance. Once the foreign demand market changes, enterprises will face survival pressure and struggle. In addition, many factors at home and abroad led to a sharp rise in foreign trade transaction costs, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises still rely on labor-intensive, resource-intensive products of low-cost competition model, has been difficult to adapt to changes in the international economic situation. Therefore, it is imperative for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province to achieve strategic transformation.

　　The strategic transformation path of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province under international trade protectionism

　　(1) Change the development concept and cultivate the awareness of core competitiveness

　　The fundamental purpose of implementing strategic transformation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong is to optimize the allocation of enterprise resources, cultivate and improve their core competitiveness and obtain sustainable competitive advantages through strategic transformation. Therefore, enterprises should first change the development concept, cultivate the awareness of core competitiveness and innovate the strategic management concept. Enterprises should not only focus on value realization, but also focus on value enhancement, focus on brand to enhance the added value of products, access to pricing power and the right to speak, to achieve the value of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong Province. Only by establishing a good strategic awareness, realizing the interaction between enterprises and the environment, and cultivating their own core competitiveness, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises can seize the development opportunities in the new environment, gain long-term development and achieve greater ambitions.

　　(2) Change the development mode and implement specialized management strategy

　　Due to limited resources and competitiveness, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises cannot carry out large-scale operation like large enterprises, nor do they have the technical advantages of fully independent innovation. With the liberalization of foreign trade operation rights, the status of foreign trade intermediaries is affected, but small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises themselves have unique resource advantages: first, they have rich experience in international trade operations and trade information and business reputation accumulated over the years; second, they have cooperative and trusting relationships with customers and suppliers. Circulation foreign trade enterprises for production, processing enterprises sales products, the two have a natural bond, but also has a broad market network, and customers to maintain a good business and personal relations, a better understanding of customer needs, to grasp the new trends in the international market; third is familiar with the international business of highly qualified professionals and other technical personnel. Therefore, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong should give full play to their own advantages and carry out specialized operations.

　　Specialized management requires, on the one hand, to provide personalized services for target customers and establish a competitive advantage in this way. Successful specialized operation is to focus on the limited resources of traditional small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, to provide connotation services to customers as the main form, cultivate and improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. It should be led by industry associations, with the participation of relevant government authorities to promote the integration of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises import and export service resources, actively develop export promotion systems and trade intermediaries, unify service processes and agency fees and other standards, improve export efficiency and implement market diversification strategies. On the other hand, it requires close cooperation with upstream and downstream partners, the implementation of specialized division of labor, abandoning less efficient business content or links, so as to reduce operating costs, optimize resource allocation, and achieve a higher level of differentiated services and economies of scale

　　(3) Strengthening supply chain management and building core competitiveness

　　Supply chain management refers to the design, planning and control of information flow, logistics and capital flow in the supply chain from suppliers, manufacturers to wholesalers, retailers to customers, and the coordination and integration of product flow, information flow and capital flow within the company and among partner companies, so as to obtain the competitive advantage of the enterprise. For a long time, the business model of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong has been based on the simple trade agency type, acting only as a transaction intermediary between customers and suppliers. This simple, low-level intermediary service lacks creativity and low value-added business. In order to implement professional management strategy, Guangdong small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises should not only act as intermediaries, but also carry out strategic planning of supply chain, become a participant and integrator of supply chain, and re-establish their strategic position in the value chain.

Supply chain management emphasizes on focusing mainly on the key business of the enterprise, giving full play to its own advantages, while establishing strategic partnerships with suitable enterprises around the world, and having non-core business done by partner enterprises. Enterprises must carefully analyze and clarify where their core strengths lie, and actively take measures to strive to improve their core competitiveness. Small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises with strong market research ability should take R&D as their core business; small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises with strong international business negotiation ability should take sales as their core business; small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises with the ability to develop domestic market and implement sources of goods should take procurement as their core business; small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises with the ability to handle foreign trade business operations such as customs, transportation, finance, commodity inspection and taxation should take logistics as the core business. The core business of enterprises can not only help them seek a place in the supply chain competition, but also help them expand horizontally in other business fields and build core competitiveness.

　　(4) Actively extend to both ends of the value chain and cultivate new advantages in international competition

　　Due to limited internal resources, it is appropriate for small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises to extend to the value chain, one is to extend to the upstream factories, acting as the leader and information getter for the exports of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. The high industrial and regional concentration of Guangdong SMEs has produced a strong industrial cluster effect [and small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises can base on the industrial clusters in the region, form strategic alliances with small and medium-sized manufacturers, control a part of processing enterprises and raw material sources, and widely contact sources of goods. Joint export management is a desirable business model, which is a derivative of the traditional foreign trade business model of commission purchasing agency model, which refers to the purchase and integration of goods in one or more companies to meet existing orders or placed in foreign markets.

Second, the extension of the downstream sales terminal, the establishment of their own marketing network in foreign markets, to accelerate the pace of “going global” is an effective way to avoid international trade barriers and promote the transformation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong.

　　Foreign trade enterprises mainly have two forms to extend the value chain: one is to set up overseas subsidiaries; the other is to entrust local enterprises as general agents to deal directly with retailers, reducing intermediate links, which can increase profits. At present, most small and medium-sized export-oriented enterprises in Guangdong only care about the growth of export value and the improvement of export efficiency, but not about the needs of end-users, lack of efficient international marketing network, global resource integration and market development capabilities are seriously inadequate. In the competitive international market, it is necessary to move from trade exports to?F generation international marketing, take customer demand, customer cost, customer convenience, and customer communication as the guide, establish international marketing strategic thinking, increase marketing efforts, and establish independent marketing networks in foreign markets.

　　(E) Build supply chain information platform and effectively integrate external resources

　　Supply chain management must be based on a more complete information infrastructure, and the coordinated operation of the supply chain is based on high-quality information transfer and sharing of each node enterprise, which provides support for the virtual alliance between partners and further reduces the coordination cost between alliances, and is also a necessary condition for reducing and controlling transaction costs. Through the information platform of the supply chain, the organizational structure operation and business process of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises are made more open. Through virtual operation, small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises constantly maintain communication and exchange with customers and realize effective integration of external resources.

　　Introduction

　　The National Medium- and Long-term Education Reform and Development Program (2010-2020) proposes that higher education should strengthen practical teaching links, develop practical courses, and enhance the effectiveness of students’ skills practical training, which makes it clear that promoting practical teaching is one of the important means to improve the quality of talent training. Guangxi Foreign Language Institute (hereinafter referred to as the Institute) is a full-time private undergraduate institution, which is committed to cultivating applied, compound, innovative and international high-quality talents, among which the major of International Economy and Trade is mainly to cultivate talents who adapt to international economic integration, requiring students to be familiar with the basic theories and methods of international trade and master the practical business operation skills related to the major. Since the major has a strong practical and operational nature, establishing the concept of practical teaching is a clear requirement for the lecturers. For this reason, in recent years, the curriculum reform of international economic and trade majors in the college has gradually tilted toward practical teaching, and the conditions of practical teaching have been significantly improved. From the perspective of the existing practical teaching platform of international economic and trade majors, mainly through the establishment of laboratories and the purchase of import and export business simulation software, students are initially equipped with professional skills to engage in import and export business after a certain number of hours of simulation operations. However, due to the constraints of the traditional teaching mode, the lack of “double-teacher” teachers and the single teaching method, the practical teaching is basically set up according to the theoretical content, which is relatively programmed and not conducive to stimulating the students’ subjective initiative and innovation consciousness. There is still much room for improvement. How to promote and strengthen the practical teaching on the existing basis, and provide the society with talents with excellent professional quality and meet the requirements of enterprises, is a subject worthy of deep consideration by the educators of international economics and trade.

　　Practical experience of international economics and trade majors participating in professional skills competition

　　(1) Establishing incentive mechanism and forming a strong competition atmosphere

　　The college has always advocated professional skills competitions as an important means to improve students’ practical ability, and has attached importance to and encouraged teachers and students to participate in various competitions, such as POCIB National University Students’ Foreign Trade Competency Competition, OCALE Cross-border E-Commerce Entrepreneurial Innovation Competition, “Great Wisdom Cup” National University Financial Elite Selection Competition and National Business Secretary Competition. Competition, etc. At the same time, a special section is set up in the Interim Regulations on Scientific Research Rewards of Guangxi Foreign Language Institute to give certain cash rewards to teachers who guide students to participate in professional competitions for college students and give them certain priority in merit evaluation, job promotion and title assessment; the institute takes the competition results as one of the important indexes for students’ evaluation and merit assessment, and students who win awards can also be exempted from corresponding courses and get certain credits of innovation and practice. Students who win the competition can also be exempted from the corresponding courses and receive certain credits for innovation and practice. In addition, the college also provides support and assistance in terms of participation fees and venues. As a result, the atmosphere of professional skills competitions is strong among teachers and students.

　　(2) Equipped with teaching platform, laying the foundation before the competition

　　Each project in the international economics and trade professional skills competition needs to be realized with the help of relevant software. For this reason, the college has invested in the construction of comprehensive international trade laboratory and international business negotiation simulation laboratory, and purchased simulation teaching software related to the competition, such as SimTrade foreign trade practice platform, foreign trade documentary teaching system, cross-border e-commerce teaching system, etc., which provide the basis for intensive training before the competition. These laboratory teaching platforms can be used not only for preparation training, but also for simulation practical training of daily practice courses.

　　(III) Focus on the selection and training of students, and do a good job of warm-up training before the competition

　　To achieve good competition results, the careful guidance of professional teachers and the hard training of students are indispensable. The college provides each team with one team leader and one instructor, and participates in the pre-competition training sessions arranged by the competition organizing committee to ensure that the competition can be carried out in high quality. On the basis of the students’ self-nomination, the students were interviewed, mainly considering their professional knowledge, English proficiency, teamwork spirit and other comprehensive strengths, so as to select the participants. The students are then trained regularly in the on-campus laboratory with the help of simulation software, and instructors provide online and offline tutoring. The selection and training of students and the warm-up training before the competition are conducive to improving the level of skills competition and cultivating foreign trade business skills.

　　The influence of professional skills competition on practical teaching of international economics and trade

　　(I) Optimize the curriculum system setting

　　In recent years, the college has taken the professional skills competition as an opportunity to guide and promote the teaching reform of international economics and trade, optimize the curriculum system, change the shortage of “theory but not practice” in the past teaching process, and start to pay attention to practical teaching. First of all, the ratio of theoretical and practical courses is adjusted, and the number of hours of practical courses such as international business documents, import and export customs clearance and import and export business are increased reasonably. Secondly, to improve the situation of the laboratory tension and old practical training equipment, the college has increased the funding to purchase the teaching equipment for practical links and equipped with the latest domestic practical teaching software, which provides a good platform for students’ on-campus practice. Thirdly, we actively carry out cooperation between schools and enterprises, introduce real cases of foreign trade enterprises into the classroom as teaching materials, and employ foreign trade practitioners with rich practical experience in enterprises as part-time teachers to improve students’ practical operation ability, so as to achieve the training goal of cultivating highly skilled talents who can meet the requirements of social and economic development.

　　(2) Promote the construction of “dual-teacher” teachers

　　The professional skills competition is not only a competition of students’ professional skills, but also reflects the effect of instructors’ practical teaching, and tests the school’s practical teaching concept and teachers’ own professional skills level. The prerequisite for teachers to guide students to participate in professional skills competitions is that their own professional practical skills must reach the competition level or enterprise standards, which motivates teachers to consciously update their knowledge and improve their own practical skills and practical teaching ability. Firstly, we encourage professional teachers to actively participate in social practice and go to foreign trade enterprises for attachment to understand the professional skills required by enterprises and improve their own practical teaching ability. Secondly, we support professional teachers to continuously upgrade their education and title levels, obtain relevant vocational qualifications, and strengthen their practical training at the same time. Therefore,?R guide to send coriander to drink? It promotes the construction of “double-teacher” teachers in colleges and universities, and makes colleges and universities optimize the structure of teachers and improve the practical teaching level of teachers.

　　(3) Innovative teaching methods and contents

　　Teaching innovation is mainly manifested in the innovation of teaching method, teaching content and teaching process. Although the traditional international economics and trade course adopts scenario and case teaching method, this kind of “duck-filling” teaching method cannot make students gain deep understanding and experience. Unlike the traditional teaching method of “talking on paper”, the professional skills competition is a good simulation of the real working environment of foreign trade enterprises, students in the competition as if they were in the real world, real combat, which helps deepen their understanding of international trade jobs, enhance their practical ability and master the work skills. At the same time, in the process of skills competition students become the main body of teaching activities, from “teaching” to “learning” as the center of the transformation, from the teaching mode to the learning mode change. In addition, teachers can collect the foreign trade cases in each aspect of the competition and turn them into resources for future practical teaching, providing vivid materials for students’ skill training and improving the authenticity of practical teaching.

　　(4) Stimulating students’ learning interest and improving teaching effect

　　The international economics and trade professional skills competition presents the existing international trade theoretical and practical framework, focuses on the combination of theory and physical objects, and quickly adjusts according to the current international trade environment, close to the development reality of economy and trade, helping students broaden their knowledge and improve their practical and operational skills. Due to the establishment of incentive mechanism, professional skills competition is a kind of transfer to day-to-day classroom learning, which can effectively stimulate students’ interest in learning professional practical courses, and is conducive to the transformation of students from passive learning to active learning and the formation of a strong professional centripetal force. At the same time, professional skills competition is also conducive to the formation of a harmonious teacher-student relationship. During the competition, teachers and students will have more opportunities to communicate with each other, which will enhance the friendship between teachers and students. In this way, the cooperation between teachers and students will be smoother and the teaching effect will be improved in the future teaching process.

　　Coal trade refers to the economic benefits obtained by natural or legal persons through the sale or purchase of coal according to the purchase and sale agreement and contract. Coal trading enterprises belong to power chemical enterprises as well as coal source unit suppliers and have a very important coordinating role, but at this stage most power chemical enterprises gradually start to transform in the actual production and operation process.

In addition, the national requirements for the environment and air are also more strict, and the business risks of coal trading enterprises have largely increased, and they are easily suppressed and restricted by various aspects in the actual operation process, which has brought very serious impact on their operation and development afterwards.

Background of establishing risk prevention and control system

　　Coal trading enterprises are different from general trading enterprises, firstly, in terms of payment recovery, the recovery cycle is long, and it is difficult to achieve rapid return of funds, and there is a risk of breaking the capital chain; secondly, in terms of transportation, coal trading often needs to be carried out by waterway, railroad, highway and other forms, and once problems occur, it will cause tons of losses.

Finally, the quality of coal is largely affected by factors such as environment, climate and storage, and the two sides of the transaction often disagree on the price, which in turn increases the business risks of coal trading enterprises.

Therefore, this series of problems, coal trading enterprises in the actual operation process, want to enhance economic efficiency, it is necessary to do a good job of risk prevention, innovation of the existing risk prevention and control system, combined with the actual situation of the enterprise, to ensure the integrity and applicability of the risk prevention and control system to enhance the risk prevention and control ability of coal trading enterprises.

The principles of risk prevention and control system construction

　　First, the principle of prior prevention, prior prevention is to improve the basis of risk prevention in coal trading enterprises, prior prevention belongs to the enterprise’s own prevention, which can achieve the prevention of risk at the root, which requires the management of coal trading enterprises need to enhance their own risk prevention awareness.

Second, the principle of prevention, coal trading enterprises belong to the dynamic management, risk often exists dynamic characteristics, in the risk prevention management, also need to consider from a dynamic perspective, can do a good job in the actual work of the control of risk.

Third, the principle of remedy after the fact, when the risk occurs, the need to take the initiative to remedy, with the work of rights and judicial remedies to achieve the resolution of the risk or the impact of risk control to a minimum extent. When the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprise are infringed or there are legal disputes, a series of measures such as negotiation, arbitration and regulation can play an effective role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprise, and can achieve the maximum extent of remedy or recovery of the enterprise’s losses.

Construction of risk prevention and control system

　　1. System system

　　In the construction of the system system, the following seven aspects can be carried out.

First, improve the internal control post authorization system, the relevant posts related to internal control must be clearly and detailed provisions on the object, scope, conditions and amount of authorization, no one or organization can exceed the authority to interfere with risky decisions.

Second, improve the internal control responsibility system, for each department and individual positions, responsibilities and the corresponding reward and punishment system, welfare benefits, in clear accordance with the principle of unity of rights, obligations and responsibilities to carry out.

Third, improve the internal control assessment and evaluation system, implement the performance assessment and evaluation system, establish a corresponding link between responsibility management, assessment and evaluation and welfare benefits, realize the effective unification of operation risk and performance assessment, and improve the operational standard and safety awareness of employees in the production and operation process.

Fourth, improve the internal audit system, improve the internal audit system according to the relevant ISO system standards, regularly check the actual operation and the operation effect, find the problems and risks in the operation process, formulate corresponding improvement and perfection measures, so that the effectiveness and applicability of the enterprise internal audit system can be fully guaranteed.

Fifth, to build a complete system of corporate legal advisors, the new legal risk responsibility system needs to be established with the participation of corporate leaders, legal advisors and corporate employees, to effectively implement the responsibilities of legal advisors, to fully play the role of legal advisors, so that the enterprise’s risk prevention and control capabilities are significantly improved.

Sixth, improve the system of checks and balances for important positions, do a good job of dividing the responsibilities of the enterprise, for business execution, management and supervision rights must be clearly? ^ divided, to avoid confusion between these three rights and other issues.

Seventh, improve the risk early warning system, for the enterprise in the process of business management of some major risks, must establish a corresponding risk early warning system, do a good job of monitoring the major risks, to ensure that the early warning information engraved timely release, and at the same time do a good job of emergency planning work, when the risk, can be in the first time in a timely and effective solution, the impact of the risk and bring the loss control in the smallest To enhance the ability of enterprise risk prevention and control.

　　2. Risk control system

　　In the construction of the risk control system, first of all, in the budget management, the business budget and capital budget should be included, through the business budget, the profit and risk of a single transaction can be simply assessed, risk control from the beginning of the business link, to provide an important reference for subsequent business transactions, capital budget refers to the budget statement of each department at the end of the month to be The financial budget means that the budget statements of each department are reported at the end of the month, and the finance department unifies them and evaluates the status of customers’ receipts and payments to ensure the reasonableness of the use of funds.

Second, do a good job in contract management, contract management can largely improve the effect of risk prevention and control, through the joint management of contracts by multiple departments, for the contract signing process involved in the authority and other issues to make a clear distinction, but also need to strengthen the assessment of the contract, the implementation of the responsibility system, the contract signed in the risk to a minimum.

Again, because of the special characteristics of coal trading enterprises in the transaction, enterprises must do a good job of managing the products, conducting detailed investigation and understanding of the inventory situation in each port and station, and doing a good job of logistics management.

In addition, it is also possible to have a detailed understanding of the customer’s trading situation through capital management. Finally, establish the customer credit review file, evaluate the customer’s creditworthiness, registered capital and other situations, and select the best customer to reduce the risk.

Conclusion

　　The construction of coal trading enterprise business risk prevention and control system can, on the one hand, improve the system; on the other hand, it can build a risk control system, and also build, for example, a culture support system and other systems. With the help of the culture support system, the organic combination of risk prevention and control and business development, the organic combination of performance assessment and full prevention, the combination of the establishment of the system and the implementation of the system can be realized to a certain extent.

In conclusion, coal trading enterprises belong to a special industry, in the prevention and control of risk, it is necessary to consider from a number of aspects, learn from experience and lessons in a timely manner, draw on relevant experience to achieve the innovation of enterprise risk prevention and control system, and improve the quality and effectiveness of enterprise risk control.